organizational perspectives

 

Meta title: organizational perspectives

Meta description: organizational perspectives describe how organizations define the responsibilities and staff required and are responsible for the organizations’ processes.

Organizational perspectives

organizational perspectives describe skills, job descriptions, and educational qualities that are needed to occupy various positions in the organizations. This also involves the growth and extension plans required to achieve these goals. Organizational perspectives involve the sociological research or observations of formal social organizations, including bureaucracies and their connections with their environment. In addition, organizational perspectives complement the analysis of the organization’s attributes and human resources research. Organizational perspectives are also the analysis of an organization’s performance, functioning, and structure and the attributes and a person and groups within it.

organizational perspectives can be categorized as follows:

• Traditional or classical theory
• Neo-classical or human relations theory
• The decision-making theory
• The systems theory

The  classical theory

This is one of the organizational perspectives that focuses on the organization’s formal structure and leaves the human attribute of an organization to the personnel specialist. In this form of organizational perspectives, the earliest writers that concentrated on organizations referred to as the classical school. Those who came after them have described how to organize the formal work organization. Furthermore, they are concerned with the most perfect way to divide the jobs to be done, divide these roles into departments, and handle the issues of coordination.

Classical theory is one of the organizational perspectives where they have given specific concentration to the organizational affiliation between staff and line. They have emphasized the necessity for a precise definition of authority and responsibilities. They have looked for ways to enunciate the principles that ought to be applied in designing this formal structure. The primary benefit of the classical school in organizational perspectives in assessing and defining the roles that need to be paid attention to in developing an organization. The stress is placed on the structural framework where the divided tasks are given to staff, developed authority relations, personal efforts are perfectly coordinated, and fixed roles. The structure is established to assist in achieving organizational goals more efficiently.

As one of the organizational perspectives, the classical approach has been criticized on various occasions, particularly by behavioral scientists. The theory of the classical writers is too focused on the formal structure, not enough on the people responsible for the structure’s functionality. The organization’s principles are too vast to offer significant assistance in the real work of planning. Furthermore, as one of the most interesting organizational perspectives, the classical theory is a statistical approach, giving less attention to the numerous interactions between various parts of the enterprise.

Herbert A. Simon argues that other theories are similar to mere proverbs and mundane generalizations lacking predictive power. As one of the organizational perspectives, the classical approach assumes all the main facts of human nature; the fresh theorists have established some new theories to the assessment of an enterprise.

The human Relations Approach

This approach is also referred to as a neo-classical theory in organizational perspectives. The theory claims that while developing an enterprise structure, the individuals employed there and their attributes need to be considered. As one of the significant organizational perspectives, the theory further argues that no manager can solely develop job specifications; they also have to consider why individuals act as they do and what propels their behavior.

Additionally, the Hawthorne studies and numerous others have proven that how individuals behave at work is influenced by a broad list of other factors other than money. In organizational perspectives, the human relations approach describes that the enterprise is made up of people with various needs that can be analyzed and a group of individuals who create their way of performing roles and code of conduct.

However, the human relation school in organizational perspectives has its limitations. There are supporters who argue too much about what can be accomplished by studying individuals’ behaviors and expectations. A more significant limitation is that there is still a considerable part we do not comprehend about human demeanor even after studying intensely about individuals in organizations.

The decision-making approach

The next theory on organizational perspectives is referred to as the decision-making approach pr theory. Herbert A. Simon, Nobel prize winner in 1978, views an organization as a decision maker’s structure. In an enterprise, decisions are made in all departments and levels, and essential decisions are mostly made at the higher management levels. In this form of organizational perspectives, embrace the organization’s hierarchical forms. Simon proposed that the structure of the organization be designed by assessing points at which the decisions have to be made and the individuals from whom the intel ought to be needed suppose decisions are to be fulfilling.

The systems theory

The system theory views the organization as a complete system entailing various interacting variables in organizational perspectives. This theory stresses that we must not handle issues in isolation; instead, bear in mind all their connections. As a matter of fact, the term system implies an interdependent group of people or things creating a unified whole. Therefore, the systems theory in organizational perspectives concentrates on the interaction between various organizational aspects, the environment, and the physical setting.

The benefit of handling any issue is that it lets us see the vital constraints and variables and their interdependence. It makes sure we stay alert and consistently mindful that an individual component or issue needs to be addressed with no regard to its related repercussions with other components. For instance, the managerial responsibilities of controlling, leading, staffing, organizing, and planning are interrelated or involved with each other. All these roles can be perceived as sub-functions of each other.

It is also crucial to recall that the systems theory does not perceive an organization as a static arrangement of tasks but calls for determining the roles needed in terms of the decision aspects included in fulfilling objectives. It calls for creating a design of deals, feedbacks, output, inputs, and flows of information and materials. Frequent external and internal changes result in disruptions in the organizations.

Furthermore, for the growth and survival of the organization, the enterprise needs to change various variables such that they should work in a coordinated manner and maintain integrity in the organization.

All the organizational perspectives discussed above can be very helpful to a manager. One or a couple of them might be the most valuable at a specific time; however, it is commendable to have an awareness of all of them.

 

 

References

https://www.iedunote.com/approaches-to-organizational-behavior-studies

https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Organizational+Perspective

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066736.pdf

https://www.iedunote.com/approaches-to-organizational-behavior-studies

https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/organisational-structure/organizational-theories/31783

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/individual_and_group_behavior/mars_model_individual_behavior.htm

https://www.coursehero.com/file/22931055/4-perspectives-of-organizational-effectiveness/

https://www.toppr.com/guides/fundamentals-of-economics-and-management/evolution-of-management-thought/classic-organization-theory/

https://www.vedantu.com/commerce/modern-organization-theory-systems-theory

 

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